Refuge Notebook
Article
Dated March
5, 2004
When it comes to wildland fire management, Alaskans do things differently
By Doug Newbould
I moved to Alaska from Colorado in 1991, and it wasn't
long before I realized - Alaskans do things differently than folks in other parts
of the country. But if there is a conscious effort by Alaskans to be different,
I' m not aware of it. Perhaps it's the Last Frontier, the Greatland, exerting
her profound influence upon our collective subconscious. Perhaps Alaska makes
its inhabitants feel privileged and proud, as if we are somehow uniquely qualified
to live here. I know when I travel to other parts of the country, I feel somewhat
superior - even though I know I have no right to feel that way. If Americans are
perceived as arrogant, then I wonder how foreigners view Alaskans? How's that
for a humbling thought?
In my twenty-five years as a wildland firefighter,
I learned that suppression strategies and tactics vary for different fuel types
and topography, for different weather conditions and fire behavior, and for the
different challenges presented by urban and wild landscapes. As a fire
management
officer, I have experienced some of the regional and agency differences in fire
management practices around the country.
In Alaska, wildland fire management
is unique - in many ways. The first, and most obvious difference is scale. Alaska
is so huge, and yet the firefighting community is relatively small. In the Lower
48, aviation resources are plentiful and play an important role in fire suppression,
especially in the West. In Alaska, fire aviation resources are limited, but critical
to our success. In the Lower 48, you can drive to most wildland fires, so engines
play a major role. In Alaska, there are so few roads that engines play a limited
role.
Due to the expanse of Alaska, the lack of infrastructure and limited
firefighting resources, wildland fire management has evolved - out of necessity
- into a cooperative interagency community effort. Perhaps the most widely known
product of this interagency cooperation is the Alaska Interagency Wildland Fire
Management Plan (AIWFMP). The AIWFMP consolidated
13 "Area Specific"
Plans and a 1984 amendment into one Alaska interagency plan, which has been in
use since 1999. The Alaska Plan is viewed by many in the national wildland fire
community as a model for interagency fire management.
On the Kenai Peninsula
the Alaska Division of Forestry, the Chugach National Forest, the Kenai National
Wildlife Refuge and the Kenai Peninsula Borough with all of its municipal and
rural fire departments, work together under the umbrella of the AIWFMP and cooperative
agreements to implement a successful wildland fire management program. Nowhere
is this kind of cooperation and coordinated effort more important than on the
Kenai - where a history of wildfire, a growing population and a complex of hazardous
forest fuel types coexist.
Despite our cooperation on the Kenai and throughout
Alaska, there is much room for improvement. Firefighting resources are often over-extended
during periods of high fire danger, and interagency communications are at times
- difficult. But we are constantly striving to improve our coordination and our
response to the changing environment. And because we are, in many ways, isolated
from the national fire organization, we have to do things differently to be effective.
So maybe, being different as Alaskans isn't subconscious, maybe it's a necessity.
In
my next article, I want to describe how Alaska and the Kenai Peninsula have been
divided into fire management option areas: Critical, Full, Modified and Limited,
as defined by the AIWFMP. These fire management options are reviewed annually
by local fire management officers and land managers, and changed when necessary
- in response to the changing environment. Until next time. _______________________________________________
Doug Newbould is the Fire Management Officer at the Kenai National Wildlife
Refuge. For more information about the Refuge, or to read previous Refuge
Notebook articles, visit our website: http://kenai.fws.gov
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